McCampbell Analytical, Inc.

Acidic Herbicides

McCampbell Analytical has full acidic herbicide capabilities using diazomethane derivitization. We have the flexibility to set-up new analytes and provide excellent analyte sensitivity, including reporting all water types at, or below, drinking water DLRs. We offer testing for acidic herbicides in drinking water, fresh & marine surface & ground water, effluent, storm water run off, waste water, soils, sludge, solids, petroleum liquids, plant & animal tissue, food, and wines, as well as other matrices not listed.

ENVIRONMENTAL ACIDIC HERBICIDE METHODS AVAILABLE

Chlorinated Acidic Herbicides - EPA 515.3, EPA 8151A

Air & Wipe Testing

Whats Included::

MEDIA INCLUDE: SUMMA CANISTER, TEDLAR BAG, SORBENT TUBE, AND CASSETTE FILTER. SOIL GAS MANIFOLDS ARE DESIGNED TO PERMIT 'SHUT IN TESTING' & HELIUM 'SHROUDS' WITH HELIUM-OXYGEN METER ARE AVAILABLE. SAMPLING MEDIA, PUMPS (LOW & HIGH VOLUME) RENTALS CAN BE PROVIDED BY MAI.
HELIUM SHROUDS ARE AVAILABLE FOR DTSC COMPLIANT SOIL GAS SAMPLING. OUR SHROUDS COME COMPLETE WITH HELIUM TANK (99% PURITY), HELIUM METER, PURGE CAN, ACCESSORY EVACUATION SYRINGE, AND AUXILIARY PUMP, AND ARE VERY USER FRIENDLY & PORTABLE. THEY ARE DESIGNED TO ALLOW A BOREHOLE INTEGRITY TEST AND MANIFOLD SHUT-IN TEST USING 'REACH-IN' VALVING. SPECIAL DESIGNS ACCOMMODATE SPLIT SAMPLING, TWO-LEVEL SAMPLING, AND SEQUENTIAL TO-15 / TO-17 SAMPLING.
T0-15, TO-17, MA DEP APH (fractionated vapor phase hydrocarbons) and ASTM D-1946-90 (Light & Permanent Gases) analyses are available.
Soil gas, indoor air, ambient air, stack gases, gas cylinder purity (gases in gases), aerosols, air borne particulates & dissolved gases in water can be tested.
Analytes include: Light & permanent gases, inert gases including helium, biogenic gases, VOCs, TPH / fuels, metals & various organics groups. We are rapidly expanding our air testing capabilities & look forward to the challenge of adding new methods & analytes to serve our client's needs.
Excellent sensitivity. For vapor intrusion risk assessment, we are able to meet all 2019 soil gas ESL limits as well as those for indoor air except DBCP. Single digit pptv sensitivity is available in the SIM mode.
EXTENDED TARGET LISTS FOR SOIL GAS & INDOOR WHICH INCLUDE MOST ESL & ASGI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS
Enforceable occupational health & safety limits for chemicals in air are issued by the following:
- OSHA PELs (Permissible Exposure Limits)
- NIOSH RELs (Recommended Exposure Limits)
- US DOE SCAPA TEELs (Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits for DOE sites only)
Non-enforceable occupational health & safety limits for chemicals in air are issued by the following:
- ACGIH TLVs (Threshold Limit Values)
- SCAPA HBELs (Health-based Exposure Limits)
OSHA & NIOSH limits are available at the CDC website, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ npg/npgsyn-a.html

Glossary of Terms:

Concentrations: may be given in ppm = ppmv; mg/m3; mppcf = millions of particles per cubic foot of air as determined from counting an impinger sample; fibers / cm3.
PEL, Permissable Exposure Limit: OSHA (Occupational Health & Safety Administration). Pre-1989 PELs are enforced by OSHA due to a court ruling that overturned stricter 1989 PELs. The 1989 PELs have some regulatory effect for compounds that did not have PELs prior to 1989.
REL, Recommended Exposure Limit: NIOSH ( National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health)
TWA, Time Weighted Average: NIOSH REL designed to be applied in workplace settings for up to 10 hour days (OSHA 8 hour days) during a 40 hour work week
STEL,:Short Term Exposure Limit: "ST" precedes numerical value. 15 minute TWA that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday. Numerical value is always higher than REL or PEL.
C REL, Ceiling REL: "C" precedes numerical value. Should not be exceeded at any time. 15 minute TWA is used if instantaneous measurement is not possible. Numerical value is always higher than REL or PEL. Maximum values are specified exceptions to ceiling values. Maximum values are greater than ceiling values, & short duration exceptions to ceiling values are allowed up to the maximum value. For example, Ceiling value not to exceed "a 5 minute maximum peak value in any 2 hours during an 8 hour day.
(skin): printed after numerical limit; indicates skin absorption is a potential intrusive pathway
(total): printed after numerical limit; the numerical REL or PEL is for Total Particulate
(resp): printed after numerical limit; the numerical REL or PEL applies to the 'Respirable Fraction' of the airborne particulate
carcinogen: printed before or after numerical limit. Indicates that compound is a known or suspected carcinogen.
ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

Anions

Overview:

State of the art automated instrumentation is conducive to accurate, rapid, and error free results.
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes, for example organic acids or inorganic oxyanions.
Excellent analyte sensitivity, with reporting limits at or below drinking water DLRs for clean matrices. Our RL for perchlorate in water has recently been lowered to 0.5 ug/L. Our bromate detection limit is 2 ug/L by 300.1 in water samples with up to 100ppm chloride.
Applicable to drinking water, fresh & marine surface & ground water, effluent, storm water run off, waste water & wine.
Solids such as soils, food & produce, meats, plants and other matrices can be tested if a suitable extraction is available.

Compounds/Target List

Anion Methods

Aquatic Toxicology BioAssay

The McCampbell Analytical Aquatic Toxicology laboratory is fully accredited by both CA ELAP and NELAP in a wide variety of freshwater and marine bioassay test methods. We offer bioassay testing services for NPDES dischargers, stormwater dischargers, hazardous waste characterization (Title 22 CFR), TIE investigations, chemical and product registration, NRDA studies as well as customized large scale research projects tailored towards the needs of our clients.

Types of Samples Tested

Industrial effluents
Urban and agricultural surface water
Groundwater remediation
Contaminated soil & sludge
Sediments - freshwater and marine
Environmental spill clean-up materials
Environmental waste samples
Medical and healthcare products
Household cleaning products
Commercial waste products
New chemicals for registration

Testing Capabilities

NPDES Whole Effluent Testing (WET)
Hazardous Waste Characterizations
Stormwater Runoff
Groundwater Remediation Studies
Irrigated Lands Regulatory Programs
Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs)
Dredge Materials Analysis
Freshwater Sediment Assessments
National Resource Damage Assessments
Product Testing
Customized Research Studies

With over 30 years of combined experience in the field of aquatic toxicology, our staff has collaborated on the best way to streamline the process of aquatic toxicity testing and developed a product which allows us to eliminate the amount of staff time spent on each test. This increase in overall efficiency allows us to reduce test costs and pass these savings along to our clients.

Chlorinated, Nitrogen & Phosphorous Pesticides

Chlorinated Pesticides

Full chlorinated pesticides capabilities using electron capture detector and gc/ms for confirmation.
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes.
Excellent analyte sensitivity, including reporting all water types at or below drinking water DLRs.
Drinking water, fresh & marine surface & ground water, effluent, storm water run off, waste water, soils, sludge, solids, petroleum liquids, plant & animal tissue, food, wine and other matrices can be tested.

Nitrogen & Phosphorous Pesticides

Full nitrogen and phosphorous pesticides capabilities with NPD and MSD technology.
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes.
Excellent analyte sensitivity, including reporting all water types at or below drinking water DLRs.
Drinking water, fresh & marine surface & ground water, effluent, storm water run off, waste water, soils, sludge, solids, petroleum liquids, plant & animal tissue, food, wine and other matrices can be tested.

DIOXINS & DIBENZOFURANS BY HRGC/HRMS

MAI tests for Dioxins & Dibenzofurans by HRGC/HRMS (EPA 8290A & 1613). 15 day turn around time

MAI's HRGC/HRMS (EPA 8290A, 1613) sensitivity is the best available by magnetic sector HRGC-HRMS
MAI TEST FOR 209 PCB CONGENERS BY HRGC/HRMS (EPA 1668C) AND CAN MEET ALL APPLICABLE METHOD LIMITS. CUSTOM REPORTING LISTS AVAILABLE

Hydrocarbons & MBTEX

Overview:

Full hydrocarbon capabilities.
TPH results include qualitative description of chromatographic patterns..
Flexibility to analyze target lists or sum carbon ranges that are different from our routine templates, including BAAQMD 33 with CS2 extraction.
Ability to achieve state mandated sensitivities for TPH(d/mo) water matrix using 40 ml VOAs
ABILITY TO PERFORM ENCORE AND TERRACORE EPA 5035 ANALYSES FOR VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS.
Availability of both 'in-a-vial' and 'column-style' silica gel clean up, with QC

Ability to analyze extractable aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons per TPHCWG and MA DEP specifications. Proven ability to separate C6-C35 (benzene to PAH) aromatics from C6-C35 aliphatics.
DRINKING WATER, FRESH & MARINE SURFACE & GROUND WATER, EFFLUENT, STORM WATER RUN OFF, WASTE WATER, SOILS, SLUDGE, SOLIDS, PETROLEUM LIQUIDS AND MANY OTHER MATRICES CAN BE TESTED.

Metals Testing

Overview:

FULL METALS CAPABILITIES, INCLUDING ICP-MS, ICP-OES, CVAFS AND CVAA.
Flexibility and chemical expertise to undertake or design special digestion procedures.
Excellent analyte sensitivity, especially ICP-MS & CVAFS, with reporting limits at or below drinking water & effluent RLs for clean matrices.

Ability to analyze organotin, organomercury & organolead compounds & speciate mono-tetrabutyl tin, tetramethyl & tetraethyl lead, & methyl & ethyl mercury.
SM3500-Fe B4c ferrous iron testing; method validated by internal study
DRINKING WATER, FRESH & MARINE SURFACE & GROUND WATER, EFFLUENT, STORM WATER RUN OFF, WASTE WATER, SOILS, SLUDGE, SOLIDS, PETROLEUM LIQUIDS AND MANY OTHER MATRICES CAN BE TESTED.
Compounds/Target List details

MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING

Overview:

MCCAMPBELL ANALYTICAL OFFERS A WIDE RANGE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSES FOR DRINKING WATER, FRESH AND MARINE RECREATIONAL WATER, EFFLUENT, SOIL, SLUDGE AND FOOD.
Our results are rapid and accurate. All results are confirmed either by fluorescence, biochemical or serological procedures.

IN ADDITION TO COMMON BACTERIOLOGICAL TESTS, WE ALSO OFFER TESTING FORWATER SUITABILITY, INHIBITORY RESIDUE, IRON AND SULFUR BACTERIA, LEGIONELLA, PETROLEUM DEGRADING BACTERIA, ALGAE AND YEAST AND MOLDS.

Definitions:

Enzyme Substrate Method: Method using hydrolysable substrates that form either a distinct color or fluorescence in the presence of certain bacteria. Results are reported in MPN.
Membrane Filtration (MF): Method in which sample is filtered through a sterile, 0.45mm-pore, gridded membrane. All of the bacteria in the sample are "trapped" on the surface of the membrane, which is then placed on appropriate media. This allows each bacterium to form a colony on the surface of the membrane. Results are reported in cfu.
MPN (Most Probable Number):Indirect rather than direct enumeration or colony count such as that given by membrane filtration. MPN means that the reported number of coliform bacteria has a higher probability than any other number of being correct, and of being reproducible by duplicate testing.
Multiple-Tube Fermentation (MTF): Method in which replicate tubes of several dilutions are inoculated with sample. Each tube has an inverted vial that is used to detect gas formation resulting from the fermentation of an appropriate carbon-source. Results are reported in MPN.
Pour Plate Method: Method in which sample is mixed with agar prior to solidification. The sample and agar are poured into sterile petri dish that is then allowed to solidify. Each individual bacterium forms a single colony within the agar. Results are reported in cfu.
Presence / Absence (+/-): Determination of the presence or absence of bacteria without enumeration / MPN. All Total Coliform positives MUST be tested for the presence of E Coli or fecal coliforms.
Spread Plate Method: Method in which sample is spread evenly on an agar plate. Each individual bacterium forms a single colony on the surface of the agar plate. Results are reported in colony-forming units (cfu).
Bacteria, Fungi & Algae Tested By MAI:
Algae: Testing is available for the isolation and identification of algae in various environmental samples.
Coliform, Total, & E Coli Bacteria: Testing available for water, soil, sludge and food & reported as +/- , CFU or MPN. Coliform are a group of bacteria present in the gut and feces of warm-blooded animals as well as in other environments. Non-fecal coliforms are expected to be further distributed from the source than fecal coliforms, so that it is possible to have a positive total coliform but negative fecal / E Coli. Total coliform positive (without E Coli confirmation), E Coli positive, and Fecal coliform positive results found in drinking, bathing & recreational waters MUST be reported to the responsible party within 24 hours. Escherichia coli & Enterobacter aerogenes are positive culture controls; Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris & Pseudomonas aeruginosa are negative culture controls.
E Coli are a sub-group of coliform bacteria whose presence is deemed by regulation to be diagnostic of the presence of fecal coliform, i.e. positive E Coli confirms the presence of fecal coliform bacteria. Escherichia coli (MUG positive strain) is the positive culture control; Enterobacter aerogenes & Klebsiella pneumoniae (thermotolerant MUG(-) strain) are the negative culture controls (ELAP).
Enterococci: Testing available for water & soil & reported as +/- or MPN. Enteroccoci are a sub-group of the Fecal Streptococci group and that group is designated in Standard Methods for monitoring of fecal contamination in recreational waters. Enterococcus Faecalis & Enterococcus faecium are the positive control cultures for this group; Staphylococcus aureus (nalidixic acid sensitive), Escherichia coli (sodium azide sensitive) & Serratia marcescens (fluorogenic compound not hydrolyzed) are negative culture controls (ELAP). Enterococci are can be associated with both human and animal fecal origins. These bacteria are considered to be more specific as indicator organisms of the sanitary quality of recreational waters than the fecal streptococci or the fecal coliform bacteria. Some important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus include bacterial endocarditis, urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and meningitis to name a few.
Fecal Coliform Bacteria: Testing available for water, soil and some food & reported as MPN or CFU. These bacteria are a sub-group of coliform bacteria defined by regulation as those bacteria capable of producing gas from lactose in a suitable culture medium at 44.5 ±0.2°C. These bacteria are present in the fecal excrement of humans, livestock and wildlife. A positive result for fecal coliform bacteria in a sample indicates fecal contamination, which can result from several sources including the direct discharge of waste from mammals and birds, from both agricultural and storm runoff, and from untreated human sewage. Fecal coliform bacteria are used as indicator organisms, and their presence can indicate a higher risk of pathogens being present in the contaminated sample. These pathogens can cause many diseases including, but not limited to, dysentery, typhoid fever, viral or bacterial gastroenteritis, and Hepatitis A. Escherichia coli & Klebsiella pneumoniae (thermotolerant strain) are positive culture controls; Enterobacter aerogenes is the negative culture control (ELAP).
Fecal Streptococci: Testing available for water & soil & reported as MPN. Enterococcus faecalis is a positive control culture for this group; Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli are negative culture controls (SM Table 9002:V). Enterococci positives are diagnostic of the presence of Fecal Streptococci but Enterococci negatives are not definitive of the absence of Fecal Streptococci. For example, equine or bovine fecal material may contain or be characterized by other Streptococci bacteria.
Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC): Testing available for water, soil & food & reported as CFU or MPN Provides an approximate enumeration of total numbers of viable bacteria yielding useful information about water quality and water treatment efficiency.
Iron and Sulfur Bacteria: Testing is available for iron and sulfur bacteria. The method applied is microscopic examination and culture. Various culture media are used to isolate most if not all the iron and sulfur bacteria in a sample. Results are expressed either +/- or CFU.
Legionella: Testing is available for the enumeration of Legionella in water and other environmental samples. Legionella is the primary human pathogenic bacterium and causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, also known as legionellosis. Results are expressed in CFU.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Testing available for water & soil. These bacteria are commonly found in of soil and water, in addition to the surfaces of plants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen of plants as well as humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause urinary tract infections, respiratory system infections, dermatitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia, bone and joint infections, gastrointestinal infections and a variety of systemic infections in immuno-compromised and immuno-suppressed patients. People who are seriously affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa include AIDS patients, cancer patients, burn victims, and people with cystic fibrosis. Results are reported in CFU.
Salmonella: Enumerative testing available for water only, but +/- testing of Salmonella in both soil and water samples. Salmonellae live in the intestinal tracts of both warm and cold-blooded animals. These organisms cause enteric fever and gastroenteritis in humans. Environmental sources of the organism include water, soil, animal waste, raw meat, raw poultry, and raw seafood.
Staphylococcus aureus: Testing available for enumeration of S. aureus in food, soil, and water samples. S. aureus is found most commonly in human nasal passages. This bacteria is considered a pathogen of humans, as it causes skin infections and infections associated with wounds, pneumonia, mastitis, and toxic shock syndrome. S. aureus also causes food poisoning by releasing enterotoxins in food and is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections in patients. Foods that are frequently sources of staphylococcal food poisoning are meat and meat products, poultry, eggs, mayonnaise-based salads including egg, tuna, chicken, potato, and macaroni, and various bakery products.
Yeast and Mold Count, Total: Aerobic plate count of yeast and molds in food, soil, and water samples.

ACIDIC HERBICIDES and OTHER PESTICIDES

OTHER PESTICIDES

Full carbamate, phenyl urea, pyrethrins-pyrethroids, glyphosate, diquat-paraquat & endothall capabilities.
Ability to test for acrolein algaecide & its breakdown product 3-HPA, as well as the Nonylphenol dispersant used in some glyphosate & clopyralid formulations.
Ability to test for diquat, paraquat & glyphosate in soils.
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes.
Excellent analyte sensitivity, including reporting all water types at or below drinking water DLRs.
DRINKING WATER, FRESH & MARINE SURFACE & GROUND WATER, EFFLUENT, STORM WATER RUN OFF, WASTE WATER, SOILS, SLUDGE, SOLIDS, PETROLEUM LIQUIDS AND MANY OTHER MATRICES CAN BE TESTED.

other pesticides

acidic herbicides

ACIDIC HERBICIDES

Full acidic herbicide capabilities using diazomethane derivitization.
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes, such as trichlopyr.
Excellent analyte sensitivity, including reporting all water types at or below drinking water DLRs.
Drinking water, fresh & marine surface & ground water, effluent, storm water run off, waste water, soils, sludge, solids, petroleum liquids, plant & animal tissue, food, wine and other matrices can be tested.

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PESTICIDES & PCBs

PESTICIDES:

Full pesticide & herbicide capabilities
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes.
AED versatility and specificity to complement traditional ECD, NPD and MSD.
GC-ICP/MS instrumentation for comprehensive pesticide analysis is under development.

EXCELLENT ANALYTE SENSITIVITY, INCLUDING REPORTING ALL WATER TYPES AT OR BELOW DRINKING WATER OR EFFLUENT RLS. DRINKING WATER, FRESH & MARINE SURFACE & GROUND WATER, EFFLUENT, STORM WATER RUN OFF, WASTE WATER, SOILS, SLUDGE, SOLIDS, PETROLEUM LIQUIDS AND MANY OTHER MATRICES CAN BE TESTED.

POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH)

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Testing

We routinely use high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for PAH analysis because it offers better sensitivity than GC-MS, and it permits compound confirmation by use of fluorescence – UV dual detectors.
PNA and PAH are the same thing. PNA= PolyNuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon

GC/MS analysis in the SIM mode for PNAs is our norm by mass spectrometry because of its greatly increased sensitivity relative to the normal GC-MS scan mode.
Compounds/Target List details

SPECIAL GC-MS-MS OR LC-IT OR LC-MS-MS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REQUIRING SPECIAL SENSITIVITY / SELECTIVITY

Testing for environmental contaminants requiring special sensitivy or selectivity.

VOC COMPOUNDS BY GC-MS & GC-ELCD/PID

Full GC-MS and GC-ELCD/PID capabilities.
Ability to analyze for fuel oxygenates (MTBE, TBA, DIPE, ETBE, TAME, methanol, ethanol) and TPH (gasoline) by GC-MS.
Flexibility to set-up for new analytes.
Excellent analyte sensitivity including SIM mode analysis & reporting of all water types at or below drinking water DLRs.

ABILITY TO PERFORM ENCORE AND TERRACORE EPA 5035 ANALYSES FOR VOCS AND HVOC / AROMATICS.
DRINKING WATER, FRESH & MARINE SURFACE & GROUND WATER, EFFLUENT, STORM WATER RUN OFF, WASTE WATER, SOILS, SLUDGE, SOLIDS, PETROLEUM LIQUIDS AND MANY OTHER MATRICES CAN BE TESTED..

WATER TREATMENT PARAMETERS

Full testing capabilities for water treatment parameters & disinfectant by-products, which includes organic, wet chemistry & microbiological analytes

WET CHEMISTRY

Comprehensive offering of wet chemistry methods.
State of the art automated instrumentation conducive to accurate, rapid, and error free results.

Excellent analyte sensitivity, with reporting limits at or below drinking water & effluent RLs for clean matrices.
DRINKING WATER, FRESH & MARINE SURFACE & GROUND WATER, EFFLUENT, STORM WATER RUN OFF, WASTE WATER, SOILS, SLUDGE, SOLIDS, PETROLEUM LIQUIDS AND MANY OTHER MATRICES CAN BE TESTED.

wet chemistry

MISCELLANEOUS TESTING

We offer additional services, such as R&D, ORC Bench Studies as well as Preparative Clean Up. If you don't see what you are looking for, give us a call.

ORC Bench Studies

We have performed several bench studies assessing ozonation by-products of natural aquifers simulated using coeval soil borings & groundwater.
Client specifies conditions, such as water: soil ratios, dose, and chemical constituents of interest. Various ORCs (oxidant release compounds) can be used, for example MnO4-, H2O2, S2O8-2, O3.
Custom large volume reaction vessels allow multiple fluid withdrawals without significantly effecting experimental water: soil ratios.
We provide a detailed report, complete with chemical reactions, experimental data, bench & analytical QC & data interpretation.
MAI is responsible for the data from start to finish. By-products & water quality parameters can exhibit very complex behavior, largely controlled by experimental & analytical technique, & MAI's oversite for this kind of data is crucial. The relationship between ORC dose & contaminant decrease is much simpler & in this context MAI can provide chemical analyses on client provided fluids without experimental oversite.

Industrial Process Research & Development

Develop or use existing assay tests for product formulations.
Improve chemical process efficiency by reducing process waste & increasing yields thru the determination of product & reactant mass balances at each manufacturing stage.
Measure trace impurity levels harmful to product quality
IDENTIFY UNKNOWN SUBSTANCES OR CONTAMINATION
CTAS (COBALT THIOCYANATE ACTIVE SUBTANCES)

Preparative Clean Up

Hydrocarbon fuels & oils, metabolites, biological or food matrix & elemental sulfur are common chromatography interferents. Without clean-up, dilution is required, & the loss of analyte sensitivity may render the data unusable.
Various types of clean-ups are available from MAI, including GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography), bench column chromatography, in-a-vial sorption, & chemical treatment.
Clean-up techniques are best applied to restricted target groups because the specific chemical affinity of the target analytes is the key to the separation process. 'Basket' methods such as EPA 8270 have no useful clean-up procedure whereas restricted chemical groups such as PCBs, PNAs and dioxins have very effective clean-ups.
GPC (EPA 3660) is applied to matrices containing biological (cell material, peptides, proteins, triglycerides, fats/oils) interferents and/or elemental sulfur & combines size exclusion & affinity chromatography. It is not sufficient by itself to clean up natural matrices but can be a useful starting point, especially for time integrated SPMD samples.
Bench column chromatography (EPA 3600) primarily uses silica gel, alumina or florisil as sorbents in affinity chromatography & requires skilled chemists, well developed techniques & accompanying QC data for effective use.
Chemical treatments, such as water washing to separate water soluble from water-insoluble compounds, or acid-permanganate clean-up of PCBs in oils, are generally less effective than bench column chromatography but are inexpensive & have situational applications.
MAI can perform customer specifed clean-up procedures or develop custom clean-up procedures upon request.